In this course, we will teach abiotic and biotic stress topics. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, chemical toxicity, and oxidative stress are serious threats to agriculture and result in the deterioration of the environment. Biotic stresses, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, herbivores, and parasitic plants, cause tremendous crop losses as well. Global climate changes make these problems more serious. To feed the growing population, we need to look for solutions to reduce crop losses caused by these stresses. Therefore, information on plant interactions with these stresses and the involved regulatory mechanisms thus is certainly vital for alleviating crop losses.